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Atomic: M.A.C. | Reference
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Reactions of Titanium
Reactions with water
Titanium is coated with a thin oxide layer that under normal circumstances renders inert in air. However, titanium will react with steam to form titanium(IV) oxide and hydrogen.
  Ti(s) + 2H2O(g)TiO2(s) + 2H2(g)
Reactions with air
Titanium is coated with a thin oxide layer that under normal circumstances renders inert in air. However, once titanium starts to burn in air it burns with a bright white flame to form titanium oxide and titanium nitride. It will burn in pure nitrogen to form titanium nitride.
  Ti(s) + O2(g)TiO2(s)
  2Ti(s) + N2(g)TiN(s)
Reactions with halogens
Titanium does react with the halogens upon warming to form titanium(IV) halides. The reaction with fluorine requires heating to 200°C.
  Ti(s) + 2F2(g)TiF4(s)
  Ti(s) + 2Cl2(g)TiCl4(s)
  Ti(s) + 2Br2(l)TiBr4(s)
  Ti(s) + 2I2(s)TiI4(s)
Reactions with acids
Dilute aqueous hydrofluoric acid reacts with titanium to form the complex anion [TiF6]3- together with hydrogen.
  2Ti(s) + 12HF(aq)2[TiF6]3-(aq) + 3H2(g) + 6H+(aq)
Titanium metal does not react with mineral acids at ambient temperature but does react with hot hydrochloric acic to form titanium(III) complexes.
Reactions with bases
Titanium does not appear to react wih alkalis under normal conditions, even when hot.
Reduction Potentials
Balanced half-reaction E0 / V
TiIV + e-TiIII -0.092
TiIV + 4e-Ti(s) -0.88
Ti3+ + e-Ti2+ -0.369
Ti2+ + 2e-Ti(s) -1.630
TiO22+ + H+ + 4e-HTiO2>sup> +1.303
TiO22+ + 2H+ + 2e-TiO2+ + H2O +1.800
TiO2(s) + 4H+ + e-Ti3+ + H2O -0.666
TiO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e-Ti2+ + H2O -0.502
TiO2+ + 2H+ + e-Ti3+ + H2O +0.099
TiO2+ + 2H+ + e-Ti3+ + H2O +0.04
TiO2+ + 2H+ + 2e-Ti2+ + H2O -0.135
HTiO2- + 5H+ + 2e-Ti2+ + 3H2O +0.362
TiF62- + 4e-Ti(s) + 6F- -1.19