|
|
| Titanium | |
| Electron Configuration | 2,8,10,2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d2 4s2 |
| Ground state | 3F2 |
| Atomic Volume | 10.64 g/cm3 |
| Electronegativity | 1.54 |
| Magnetic ordering | No data |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | 4.01 x 10-8 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | 1.919 x 10-9 |
| Speed of sound | 5090 m s-1 |
 Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 468.6 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 20.9 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 425.5 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 25.060 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 21.9 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 8.6 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 716 MPa |
| Mohs hardness | 6.0 |
| Vickers hardness | 970 MPa |
| Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 110 GPa |
| Poisson ratio | 0.32 |
| Shear modulus | 44 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 116 GPa |
| Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 4.0 x 10-7 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | No data. |
| Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 0.4468 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 4.33 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 95.2 |
| Ionization Potential | |
 First
|
6.82 |
| Second
|
13.58 |
| Third
|
27.491 |
| Energy Levels |
|
| Kα1 (intensity 100) |
4.51084 KeV |
| Kα2 (intensity 50) |
4.50486 KeV |
| Kβ1 (intensity 20.44) |
4.93181 KeV |
| Lα1 (intensity 100) |
0.4522 KeV |
| Lα2 (intensity 10) |
0.4522 KeV |
| Lβ1 (intensity 20) |
0.4584 KeV |
| Lβ3 (intensity 4) |
0.519 KeV |
| Lβ4 (intensity 4) |
0.519 KeV |
| Lγ3 (intensity 55) |
0.401 KeV |
| Ll (intensity 140) |
0.395 KeV |
| Atomic Radii |
|
| Empirical
|
140 pm |
| Bohr Radius
|
176 pm |
| Covalent Radius
|
136 pm |
| Van der Waals
|
No data. |
| Triple covalent
|
108 pm |
| Metallic
|
147 pm |
| Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 2 | VI | 1 | 0.86 | E |
| 3 | VI | 0.81 | 0.67 | R* |
| 4 | IV | 0.56 | 0.42 | C |
| V | 0.65 | 0.51 | C | |
| VI | 0.745 | 0.605 | R* | |
| VIII | 0.88 | 0.74 | C | |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
| Oxidation States |
|
| Main
|
Ti+4 |
| Other
|
Ti-1, Ti0, Ti+2, Ti+3 |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1)  |
|
| M - M+ |
658 |
| M+ - M2+ |
1310 |
| M2+ - M3+ |
2652 |
| M3+ - M4+ |
4175 |
| M4+ - M5+ |
9573 |
| M5+ - M6+ |
11516 |
| M6+ - M7+ |
13590 |
| M7+ - M8+ |
16260 |
| M8+ - M9+ |
18640 |
| M9+ - M10+ |
20830 |
| Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 1982 | 2171 | (2403) | 2692 | 3064 | 3558 |
| Crystal Structure |
|
| Structure
|
Hexagonal close packed |
 |
a = 295.08 pm |
| b = 295.08 pm | |
| c = 468.55 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 120° | |