Titanium dioxide is the most widely used white pigment because of its brightness and very high refractive index, in which
it is surpassed only by a few other materials. When deposited as a thin film, its refractive index and colour make it an excellent
reflective optical coating for dielectric mirrors. TiO2 is also an effective opacifier in powder form, where it is employed
as a pigment to provide whiteness and opacity to products such as paints, coatings, plastics, papers, inks, foods, and most
toothpastes. In cosmetic and skin care products, titanium dioxide is used both as a pigment and a thickener, and in almost
every sunblock with a physical blocker, titanium dioxide is found both because of its refractive index and its resistance
to discolouration under ultraviolet light. This advantage enhances its stability and ability to protect the skin from ultraviolet
light. Titanium dioxide is used as a white food dye. In that use, its E number is E171.
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