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Compounds | Reactions | Production
|
| Reactions of Copper |
 Reactions with air |
| Copper metal is stable in air under normal conditions. When red hot, copper metal and oxygen react to form Cu2O. |
4Cu(s) + O2(g) 2Cu2O(s) |
| Reactions with halogens |
| Copper reacts with fluorine, chlorine and bromine to form copper(II) dihalides. |
| Cu(s) + F2(g)CuF2(s) |
| Cu(s) + Cl2(g)CuCl2(s) |
| Cu(s) + Br2(g)CuBr2(s) |
| Reactions with acids |
| Copper metal dissolves in hot concentrated sulphuric acid to form solutions containing the aquated Cu(II) ion together with hydrogen gas. |
| Cu(s) + H2SO4(aq)SO42-(aq) + H2(g) |
| Copper metal also dissolves in dilute or concentrated nitric acid. |
| Reduction Potentials | |
| Balanced half-reaction | E0 / V |
Cu2+ + 2e- Cu(s) |
+0.337 |
| Cu2+ + e-Cu+ |
+0.153 |
| Cu+ + e-Cu(s) |
+0.521 |
| HCuO2- + 3H+ + e-Cu+ + 2H2O
|
+1.73 |
| CuO22- + 4H+ + e-Cu+ + 2H2O
|
+2.51 |
| HCuO2- + 3H+ + 2e-Cu(s) + 2H2O
|
+1.13 |
| CuO22- + 4H+ + 2e-Cu(s) + 2H2O
|
+1.52 |
| 2Cu2+ + H2O + 2e-Cu2O(s) + 2H+ |
+0.20 |
| 2HCuO2- + 4H+ + 2e-Cu2O(s) + 3H2O
|
+1.78 |
| 2CuO22- + 6H+ + 2e-Cu2O(s) + 3H2O
|
+2.56 |
| CuO + 2H+ + e-Cu+ + H2O
|
+0.62 |
| Cu2+ + Br- + e-CuBr(s) |
+0.64 |
| Cu2+ + Cl- + e-CuCl(s) |
+0.54 |
| Cu2+ + I- + e-CuI(s) |
+0.86 |
| CuI(s) + e-Cu(s) + I- |
-0.185 |
| Cu(NH3)42+ + e-Cu(NH3)2+ + 2NH3 |
-0.01 |
| Cu(NH3)2+ + e-Cu(s) + 2NH3 |
-0.12 |
| Cu(NH3)42+ + 2e-Cu(s) + 4NH3 |
-0.07 |