|
|
| Tungsten | |
| Electron Configuration | 2,8,18,32,12,2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2 |
| Ground state | 5D0 |
| Atomic Volume | 9.53 g/cm3 |
| Electronegativity | 2.36 |
| Magnetic ordering | No data |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | 3.9 x 10-9 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | 7.17 x 10-10 |
| Speed of sound | 4620 m s-1 |
 Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 837 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 35.2 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 824.2 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 24.27 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 173 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 4.5 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 2570 MPa |
| Mohs hardness | 7.5 |
| Vickers hardness | 3430 MPa |
| Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 310 GPa |
| Poisson ratio | 0.28 |
| Shear modulus | 161 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 411 GPa |
| Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 5 x 10-8 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | No data. |
| Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 1.1432 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 4.55 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 140 |
| Ionization Potential | |
 First
|
7.98 |
| Incompatibilities | Bromine trifluoride (BrF3), chlorine trifluoride (ClF3), fluorine, iodine pentafluoride (IF5). |
| Flammability |
|
| Combustible
|
| Energy Levels |
|
| Kα1 (intensity 100) |
59.31824 KeV |
| Kα2 (intensity 50) |
57.9817 KeV |
| Kβ1 (intensity 25.6) |
67.2443 KeV |
| Kβ2 (intensity 10.1) |
68.2209 KeV |
| Kβ3 (intensity 10) |
67.1623 KeV |
| Lα1 (intensity 100) |
8.3976 KeV |
| Lα2 (intensity 10) |
8.3352 KeV |
| Lβ1 (intensity 42) |
9.67235 KeV |
| Lβ2 (intensity 20) |
9.9615 KeV |
| Lβ3 (intensity 6.6) |
9.8173 KeV |
| Lβ4 (intensity 4) |
9.5246 KeV |
| Lγ1 (intensity 6) |
11.2859 KeV |
| Lγ2 (intensity 2.5) |
11.6069 KeV |
| Lγ3 (intensity 2) |
8.722 KeV |
| Ll (intensity 4.5) |
7.3844 KeV |
| Atomic Radii |
|
| Empirical
|
135 pm |
| Bohr Radius
|
193 pm |
| Covalent Radius
|
146 pm |
| Van der Waals
|
No data. |
| Triple covalent
|
115 pm |
| Metallic
|
139 pm |
| Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 4 | VI | 0.8 | 0.66 | RM |
| 5 | VI | 0.76 | 0.62 | R |
| 6 | IV | 0.56 | 0.42 | * |
| V | 0.65 | 0.51 | ||
| VI | 0.74 | 0.6 | * | |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
| Oxidation States |
|
| Main
|
W-4, W-2, W-1, W0, W+2, W+3, W+4, W+5, W+6 |
| Other
|
|
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1)  |
|
| M - M+ |
770 |
| M+ - M2+ |
1700 |
| M2+ - M3+ |
2300 |
| M3+ - M4+ |
3400 |
| M4+ - M5+ |
4600 |
| M5+ - M6+ |
5900 |
| Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 3477 | 3773 | 4137 | 4579 | 5127 | 5823 |
| Crystal Structure |
|
| Structure
|
Body centred cubic |
 |
a = 316.52 pm |
| b = 316.52 pm | |
| c = 316.52 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 90° | |