|
|
| Cerium | |
| Electron Configuration | 2,8,18,19,9,2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2 |
| Ground state | 1G°4 |
| Atomic Volume | 20.67 g/cm3 |
| Electronegativity | 1.12 |
| Magnetic ordering | No data |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | 2.2 x 10-7 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | 3.0826 x 10-8 |
| Speed of sound | 2100 m s-1 |
 Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 381 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 8.87 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 398 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 26.94 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 11.3 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 6.3 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 412 MPa |
| Mohs hardness | 2.5 |
| Vickers hardness | 270 MPa |
| Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 21.5 GPa |
| Poisson ratio | 0.24 |
| Shear modulus | 13.5 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 33.6 GPa |
| Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 7.4 x 10-7 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | No data. |
| Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 1.7426 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 2.84 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 41.78 |
| Ionization Potential | |
 First
|
5.54 |
| Second
|
10.851 |
| Third
|
20.2 |
| Energy Levels |
|
| Kα1 (intensity 100) |
34.7197 KeV |
| Kα2 (intensity 50) |
34.2789 KeV |
| Kβ1 (intensity 21.3) |
39.2573 KeV |
| Kβ2 (intensity 6.9) |
40.2227 KeV |
| Kβ3 (intensity 9) |
39.1629 KeV |
| Lα1 (intensity 100) |
4.8402 KeV |
| Lα2 (intensity 10) |
4.823 KeV |
| Lβ1 (intensity 48) |
5.2622 KeV |
| Lβ2 (intensity 19) |
5.6134 KeV |
| Lβ3 (intensity 10) |
5.366 KeV |
| Lβ4 (intensity 4) |
5.2772 KeV |
| Lγ1 (intensity 6) |
6.052 KeV |
| Lγ2 (intensity 2.1) |
6.3262 KeV |
| Lγ3 (intensity 2) |
4.73 KeV |
| Ll (intensity 4) |
4.2906 KeV |
| Atomic Radii |
|
| Empirical
|
185 pm |
| Bohr Radius
|
No data. |
| Covalent Radius
|
No data. |
| Van der Waals
|
No data. |
| Triple covalent
|
131 pm |
| Metallic
|
181.8 pm |
| Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 3 | VI | 1.15 | 1.01 | R |
| VII | 1.21 | 1.07 | E | |
| VIII | 1.283 | 1.143 | R | |
| IX | 1.336 | 1.196 | R | |
| X | 1.39 | 1.25 | ||
| XII | 1.48 | 1.34 | C | |
| 4 | VI | 1.01 | 0.87 | R |
| VIII | 1.11 | 0.97 | R | |
| X | 1.21 | 1.07 | ||
| XII | 1.28 | 1.14 | ||
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
| Oxidation States |
|
| Main
|
Ce+3 |
| Other
|
Ce+4 |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1)  |
|
| M - M+ |
527.4 |
| M+ - M2+ |
1047 |
| M2+ - M3+ |
1949 |
| M3+ - M4+ |
3547 |
| M4+ - M5+ |
6800 |
| M5+ - M6+ |
8200 |
| M6+ - M7+ |
9700 |
| M7+ - M8+ |
11800 |
| M8+ - M9+ |
13200 |
| M9+ - M10+ |
14700 |
| Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 1992 | 2194 | 2442 | 2752 | 3159 | 3705 |
| Crystal Structure |
|
| Structure
|
Hexagonal close packed |
 |
a = 362 pm |
| b = 362 pm | |
| c = 599 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 120° | |