|
|
| Antimony | |
| Electron Configuration | 2,8,18,18,5 |
| Electron Configuration | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3 |
| Ground state | 4S°3/2 |
| Atomic Volume | 18.23 g/cm3 |
| Electronegativity | 2.05 |
| Magnetic ordering | No data |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | -1.09 x 10-8 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | -1.327 x 10-9 |
| Speed of sound | 3420 m s-1 |
 Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 263.6 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 20.9 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 165.8 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 25.23 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 24.4 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 11 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 294 MPa |
| Mohs hardness | 3.0 |
| Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 42 GPa |
| Shear modulus | 20 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 55 GPa |
| Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 4.0 x 10-7 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | No data. |
| Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 1.5142 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 4.55 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 57 |
| Ionization Potential | |
 First
|
8.641 |
| Second
|
16.53 |
| Third
|
25.3 |
| Incompatibilities | Strong oxidizers, acids, halogenated acids. |
| Flammability |
|
| Non-combustible solid (except as dust)
|
| Energy Levels |
|
| Kα1 (intensity 100) |
26.3591 KeV |
| Kα2 (intensity 50) |
26.1108 KeV |
| Kβ1 (intensity 19) |
29.7256 KeV |
| Kβ2 (intensity 5) |
30.3844 KeV |
| Kβ3 (intensity 9) |
29.6743 KeV |
| Lα1 (intensity 100) |
3.60472 KeV |
| Lα2 (intensity 10) |
3.59532 KeV |
| Lβ1 (intensity 50.6) |
3.84357 KeV |
| Lβ2 (intensity 15.6) |
4.10078 KeV |
| Lβ3 (intensity 11) |
3.9311 KeV |
| Lβ4 (intensity 4) |
3.8853 KeV |
| Lγ1 (intensity 5) |
4.34779 KeV |
| Lγ2 (intensity 2) |
4.5977 KeV |
| Lγ3 (intensity 2) |
3.435 KeV |
| Ll (intensity 4.5) |
3.1868 KeV |
| Atomic Radii |
|
| Empirical
|
145 pm |
| Bohr Radius
|
133 pm |
| Covalent Radius
|
138 pm |
| Van der Waals
|
No data. |
| Triple covalent
|
120 pm |
| Metallic
|
No data. |
| Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 3 | IVPY | 0.9 | 0.76 | |
| V | 0.94 | 0.8 | ||
| VI | 0.9 | 0.76 | A | |
| 5 | VI | 0.74 | 0.6 | * |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
| Oxidation States |
|
| Main
|
Sb+3, Sb+5 |
| Other
|
Sb-3 |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1)  |
|
| M - M+ |
833.7 |
| M+ - M2+ |
1794 |
| M2+ - M3+ |
2443 |
| M3+ - M4+ |
4260 |
| M4+ - M5+ |
5400 |
| M5+ - M6+ |
10400 |
| M6+ - M7+ |
12700 |
| M7+ - M8+ |
15200 |
| M8+ - M9+ |
17800 |
| M9+ - M10+ |
20400 |
| Covalent Bonds (kJ mol-1) |
|
| Sb-H
|
257 |
| Sb-C
|
215 |
| Sb-O
|
314 |
| Sb-F
|
389 |
| Sb-Cl
|
313 |
| Sb-Sb
|
299 |
| Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 807 | 876 | 1011 | 1219 | 1491 | 1858 |
| Crystal Structure |
|
| Structure
|
Trigonal |
 |
a = 430.7 pm |
| b = 430.7 pm | |
| c = 1127.3 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 120° | |